国际贸易理论的发展及其启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯居君 《商洛学院学报》2007,21(2):125-128

我国对外开放取得很大成就,但是国际环境发生了巨大的变化,使得我国对外贸易出现一系列新问题：出口产品多数是劳动密集型产品,技术含量低,附加值低,使得我国的出口利润很低;出口导向型贸易使得我国经济过分依赖出口,从而引发的贸易摩擦不断,外贸依存度加剧,使得我国经济容易受到国际经济波动的影响。因此我国应该加强自主创新,优化产业结构,增强我国产品在国际市场的竞争力。积极拓展国际市场,扩大内需,从比较优势向竞争优势转化。  相似文献   

Globalisation,mergers and ‘inadvertent multi-campus universities’: reflections from Wales     

Zeeman  Nadine  Benneworth  Paul 《Tertiary Education and Management》2017,23(1):41-52

Multi-site universities face the challenge of integrating campuses that may have different profiles and orientations arising from place-specific attachments. Multi-campus universities created via mergers seeking to ensure long-term financial sustainability, and increasing their attractiveness to students, create a tension in campuses’ purposes. We explore how mergers in Wales created ‘inadvertent’ multi-campus universities whilst attempting to increase their overall competitiveness. We highlight three tensions that mergers created for contributing to local places, firstly a tendency for internal concentration, investing for growth in metropolitan not peripheral campuses; secondly, to looking beyond traditional local campuses and creating external campuses (in this case in London); and thirdly, to specialise campuses on the basis of attracting external students not local needs. This creates a substantial challenge for managing multi-campus universities if they are to continue to be able to support the prosperity of more remote regions in an increasingly knowledge-based economy.  相似文献   

关于真理概念的不同意见     

李校利 《黄河科技大学学报》2002,4(4):78-83

真理论有别于本体论，真理没有本体论意义，给予真理以本体论意义将带来意想不到的后果。把真理定义为客观真理和具体真理的统一，存在许多逻辑问题。真理只能被定义为认识主体在实践基础上对认识客体的本质和规律的正确反映。  相似文献   

建构主义学习理论与课堂讨论     

周国鹃 《暨南大学华文学院学报》2004,(1):16-21

在中高级汉语教学中，由于一般还是沿袭初级阶段的教学方法，致使中高级阶段的教学任务很难切实完成。本从中高级汉语综合课的课堂讨论入手，尝试用建构主义教学模式来组织课堂讨论，以期改进中高级阶段的汉语教学方法。  相似文献   

Consistent occupational preferences and academic adjustment     

W. Bruce Walsh  Arnold R. Spokane  Elizabeth Mitchell 《Research in higher education》1976,4(2):123-129

This study explored the differences in academic adjustment variables between students who made congruent, incongruent, and undecided college major choices. The academic adjustment variables were operationally defined by the College Inventory of Academic Adjustment. Congruent, incongruent, and undecided college major choice groups were defined operationally using the Vocational Preference Inventory. The analysis of variance revealed the main effect of groups (congruent, incongruent, and undecided) to be significant for two academic adjustment variables. The test for the main effect of sex was found to be significant for one adjustment variable. The test for interaction was found to be significant for one variable. The findings suggest that students in the congruent female and male groups tend to be more academically adjusted than students in the undecided male group.  相似文献   

零值劳动学说与我国农村人力资源开发     

宋玲妹 《许昌学院学报》2007,26(4):114-116

我国农村人力资源基数大,增长速度快,但整体素质偏低,造成了农村人力资源乡城流动与就业困难,劳动力剩余严重,劳动效率低下。刘易斯的零值劳动学说以乐观的态度看待发展中国家农村剩余劳动力乡城流动,从而实现工农业齐头并进的前景,对研究我国农村人力资源的开发问题具有一定的借鉴和启发意义。但我国农村剩余劳动力就业的出路不单是乡城流动,而必须在充分开发农村人力资源的基础上,在农村人力资本积累和形成的过程中,实现农村剩余劳动力的多产业、多领域、多渠道转移。  相似文献   

A Grounded Theory of Counselor Educators' Academic Leadership Development     

Danica G. Hays  Stephanie A. Crockett  Rebecca Michel 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2021,60(1):51-72

Counselor educators are well‐equipped to serve as academic leaders, yet little is known about what factors influence their engagement experiences. This grounded theory provides a theoretical model of academic leadership engagement based on interviews with 20 counselor educators with academic leadership experience. Implications for facilitating academic leadership engagement are provided.  相似文献   

A Mixture IRTree Model for Extreme Response Style: Accounting for Response Process Uncertainty     

Nana Kim  Daniel M. Bolt 《Educational and psychological measurement》2021,81(1):131

This paper presents a mixture item response tree (IRTree) model for extreme response style. Unlike traditional applications of single IRTree models, a mixture approach provides a way of representing the mixture of respondents following different underlying response processes (between individuals), as well as the uncertainty present at the individual level (within an individual). Simulation analyses reveal the potential of the mixture approach in identifying subgroups of respondents exhibiting response behavior reflective of different underlying response processes. Application to real data from the Students Like Learning Mathematics (SLM) scale of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 demonstrates the superior comparative fit of the mixture representation, as well as the consequences of applying the mixture on the estimation of content and response style traits. We argue that methodology applied to investigate response styles should attend to the inherent uncertainty of response style influence due to the likely influence of both response styles and the content trait on the selection of extreme response categories.  相似文献   

Latent Variable Modeling and Adaptive Testing for Experimental Cognitive Psychopathology Research     

Michael L. Thomas  Gregory G. Brown  Virginie M. Patt  John R. Duffy 《Educational and psychological measurement》2021,81(1):155

The adaptation of experimental cognitive tasks into measures that can be used to quantify neurocognitive outcomes in translational studies and clinical trials has become a key component of the strategy to address psychiatric and neurological disorders. Unfortunately, while most experimental cognitive tests have strong theoretical bases, they can have poor psychometric properties, leaving them vulnerable to measurement challenges that undermine their use in applied settings. Item response theory–based computerized adaptive testing has been proposed as a solution but has been limited in experimental and translational research due to its large sample requirements. We present a generalized latent variable model that, when combined with strong parametric assumptions based on mathematical cognitive models, permits the use of adaptive testing without large samples or the need to precalibrate item parameters. The approach is demonstrated using data from a common measure of working memory—the N-back task—collected across a diverse sample of participants. After evaluating dimensionality and model fit, we conducted a simulation study to compare adaptive versus nonadaptive testing. Computerized adaptive testing either made the task 36% more efficient or score estimates 23% more precise, when compared to nonadaptive testing. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that latent variable modeling and adaptive testing can be used in experimental cognitive testing even with relatively small samples. Adaptive testing has the potential to improve the impact and replicability of findings from translational studies and clinical trials that use experimental cognitive tasks as outcome measures.  相似文献   

Parameter Estimation Accuracy of the Effort-Moderated Item Response Theory Model Under Multiple Assumption Violations     

Joseph A. Rios  James Soland 《Educational and psychological measurement》2021,81(3):569

As low-stakes testing contexts increase, low test-taking effort may serve as a serious validity threat. One common solution to this problem is to identify noneffortful responses and treat them as missing during parameter estimation via the effort-moderated item response theory (EM-IRT) model. Although this model has been shown to outperform traditional IRT models (e.g., two-parameter logistic [2PL]) in parameter estimation under simulated conditions, prior research has failed to examine its performance under violations to the model’s assumptions. Therefore, the objective of this simulation study was to examine item and mean ability parameter recovery when violating the assumptions that noneffortful responding occurs randomly (Assumption 1) and is unrelated to the underlying ability of examinees (Assumption 2). Results demonstrated that, across conditions, the EM-IRT model provided robust item parameter estimates to violations of Assumption 1. However, bias values greater than 0.20 SDs were observed for the EM-IRT model when violating Assumption 2; nonetheless, these values were still lower than the 2PL model. In terms of mean ability estimates, model results indicated equal performance between the EM-IRT and 2PL models across conditions. Across both models, mean ability estimates were found to be biased by more than 0.25 SDs when violating Assumption 2. However, our accompanying empirical study suggested that this biasing occurred under extreme conditions that may not be present in some operational settings. Overall, these results suggest that the EM-IRT model provides superior item and equal mean ability parameter estimates in the presence of model violations under realistic conditions when compared with the 2PL model.  相似文献